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Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Hirundichthys: latin, hirundo = swift; 1300 + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); indicus: Named for its occurrence in the Indian Ocean.
Taxonomic Remarks
Subspecies Hirundichthys indicus orientalis is elevated to a valid species according to Shakhovskoy, 2018 (Ref. 119460). A species record will be created for this species in the next web update.
The two species differ in pelvic fin coloration in adults:
Hirundichthys indicus distributed on the waters of the western and central parts (from the west coast of Africa to the meridian of 96° E, and from 15° S to the northern Arabian Sea, the southern parts of the Bay of Bengal (but does not enter the coastal waters, only at its outlet) and the Andaman Sea; not found in the western part of Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf).
Hirundichthys orientalis distributed on the waters of the eastern parts - from the 100° E meridian, early stages of development seemingly can be transported by the Southern Equatorial Current westward up to 90° E.
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas pelagic-oceanic; intervalo de profundidade 0 - ? m. Tropical
Indian Ocean: widely distributed in western and central open ocean, from East Africa to the meridian of 96° E, and from 15° S to the northern Arabian Sea, southern Bay of Bengal (but does not enter the coastal water, only at its outlet), Andaman Sea, but not in Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, western Arabian Sea,and northern Bay of Bengal.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.2 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 93339)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
H. indicus indicus differs from H. indicus orientalis by the absence of a dark spot on the ventral fins in specimens larger than 15.1 cm (usually the spot is absent already in fishes larger than 13.5 cm), as well as by having some less number of predorsal scales: 26-35 (modally 28-30) (Ref. 93339).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Caught in surface waters over the depths 390-7219 m, usually 2000-6000 m (mean 4129 m) (Ref. 93339). Juveniles of this species under 10.0 cm SL were caught in all seasons, indicating a year-round spawning of this species, with a highly pronounced peak in the summer and autumn months. Mature fishes appear at 16.0 cm SL or more (Ref. 93339).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Shakhovskoy, I.B. and N.V. Parin, 2013. A review of flying fishes of the subgenus Hirundichthys (genus Hirundichthys, Exocoetidae). 1. Oceanic species: H. speculiger, H. indicus sp. nova. J. Ichthyol. 53(2):117-145. (Ref. 93339)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 1.2 - 2.1, mean 1.6 °C (based on 4530 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00293 - 0.01422), b=3.04 (2.85 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
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