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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagellus: Diminutive of Latin, pager, derived from Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex sp. (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 150 - 700 m (Ref. 56504), usually 150 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 65°N - 20°N, 32°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Blanc in Mauritania, Madeira, Canary Islands, and western Mediterranean (rare beyond the Sicilian Strait). Reported from Iceland (Ref. 12462).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 31.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4781); common length : 30.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4781); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 4.0 kg (Ref. 9987); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 15 έτη (Ref. 4645)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 12 - 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 11 - 13; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 11 - 12. Black spot above the pectoral fin base. Snout shorter than the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Inshore waters above various types of bottom (rocks, sand, mud) to 400 m (Mediterranean) and 700 m (Atlantic); young near the coast, adults on the continental slope specially over muddy bottoms. Omnivorous, but feed mainly on crustaceans, mollusks, worms and small fish. Protandric hermaphrodites, become females at 20-30 cm length. Adults move towards the coast up to the edge of the continental shelf to spawn from January to June (Ref. 3688). Important foodfish. Marketed fresh and frozen; consumed pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987).
Protandric hermaphrodite species (male during its first sexual maturity). Becomes female between 2 and 7 years of age. Spawns from January to June, depending on latitude. Egg size 1.19 mm, larval length at hatching 3.7 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is also suggested for this species (Ref. 103751).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.9 - 14.9, mean 11.2 °C (based on 160 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00968 - 0.01242), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.5 (6.5 - 9.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.09-0.1; tmax=15; tm=4-5; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.2 [17.9, 69.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.167 [0.103, 0.268] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.742 [0.486, 1.122] g/100g; Selenium = 47.9 [24.1, 97.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.4 [2.1, 53.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.275 [0.208, 0.378] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
