Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; anfídromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 2 - 160 m (Ref. 47581). Tropical; 31°N - 27°S, 36°E - 178°W
Indo-West Pacific: Port Sudan in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Japan, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), and Australia.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 9.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1372); common length : 8.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3424); peso máx. publicado: 19.00 g (Ref. 126702)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 8; Raios dorsais (total) : 16 - 17; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 14.
Found over muddy sand bottoms of coastal inshore waters (Ref. 47581). Often enters estuaries (Ref. 4833). Forms schools. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 2086 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01577 - 0.02524), b=2.92 (2.86 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.88-2.63; tm=1.2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 471 [235, 1,053] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.65, 3.11] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.0, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.281 [0.143, 0.559] g/100g; Selenium = 39.1 [12.6, 142.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.5 [7.8, 87.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.14 [1.32, 3.33] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.