Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro demersale; amfidromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 2 - 160 m (Ref. 47581). Tropical; 31°N - 27°S, 36°E - 178°W
Indo-West Pacific: Port Sudan in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Japan, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), and Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 9.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 1372); common length : 8.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3424); peso massimo pubblicato: 19.00 g (Ref. 126702)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 8; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 16 - 17; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 14.
Found over muddy sand bottoms of coastal inshore waters (Ref. 47581). Often enters estuaries (Ref. 4833). Forms schools. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 2086 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01577 - 0.02524), b=2.92 (2.86 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (K=0.88-2.63; tm=1.2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 471 [235, 1,053] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.65, 3.11] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.0, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.281 [0.143, 0.559] g/100g; Selenium = 39.1 [12.6, 142.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.5 [7.8, 87.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.14 [1.32, 3.33] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.