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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Roncador: Spanish, roncar, roncador = snore, snort (1882) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Robert Edwards Carter Stearns (1827–1909) was an American conchologist who served as director of the museum of the California Academy of Sciences. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 1 - 22 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°N, 125°W - 106°W
Eastern Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9118); common length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9118); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 4.8 kg (Ref. 2850); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 15 έτη (Ref. 56049)
Occur in sandy shores and bays, mostly in shallow surf zones, but also to 15 m depth. Often found near rocks and entrances to bays. Usually form small groups, but aggregate for spawning. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Feed on invertebrates, such as marine worms, clams, crabs and small crustaceans.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.9 - 19.5, mean 17.8 °C (based on 20 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00415 - 0.01744), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (tm=2.5; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.6 [38.7, 139.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.979 [0.496, 1.744] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.261 [0.142, 0.434] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.3 [3.0, 31.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.527, 1.061] mg/100g (wet weight);
