Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 1 - 22 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°N, 125°W - 106°W
Eastern Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9118); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9118); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 4.8 kg (Ref. 2850); العمر: 15 سنين (Ref. 56049)
Occur in sandy shores and bays, mostly in shallow surf zones, but also to 15 m depth. Often found near rocks and entrances to bays. Usually form small groups, but aggregate for spawning. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Feed on invertebrates, such as marine worms, clams, crabs and small crustaceans.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.9 - 19.5, mean 17.8 °C (based on 20 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=2.5; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.6 [38.7, 139.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.979 [0.496, 1.744] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.261 [0.142, 0.434] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.3 [3.0, 31.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.527, 1.061] mg/100g (wet weight);
