Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 1 - 22 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°N, 125°W - 106°W
Eastern Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9118); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9118); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 4.8 kg (Ref. 2850); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 15 Tahun (Ref. 56049)
Occur in sandy shores and bays, mostly in shallow surf zones, but also to 15 m depth. Often found near rocks and entrances to bays. Usually form small groups, but aggregate for spawning. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Feed on invertebrates, such as marine worms, clams, crabs and small crustaceans.
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.9 - 19.5, mean 17.8 °C (based on 20 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tm=2.5; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.6 [38.7, 139.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.979 [0.496, 1.744] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.261 [0.142, 0.434] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.3 [3.0, 31.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.527, 1.061] mg/100g (wet weight);