Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 18°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola. Also known from the Mediterranean.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6790); common length : 30.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4675)
Inhabit shallow waters to about 100 m depth, burrowing in the bottom. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 3697). Anterolateral glandular grooves and opercular spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.7 - 21.5, mean 18.6 °C (based on 274 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00518 - 0.01398), b=2.92 (2.78 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [40, 118] mg/100g; Iron = 0.913 [0.588, 1.432] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.3, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.252, 0.528] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [13.6, 48.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.7 [6.0, 48.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.731 [0.549, 1.015] mg/100g (wet weight);