Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 1 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 18°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola. Also known from the Mediterranean.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6790); common length : 30.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4675)
Inhabit shallow waters to about 100 m depth, burrowing in the bottom. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 3697). Anterolateral glandular grooves and opercular spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.7 - 21.5, mean 18.6 °C (based on 274 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00509 - 0.02156), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [40, 118] mg/100g; Iron = 0.913 [0.588, 1.432] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.3, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.252, 0.528] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [13.6, 48.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.7 [6.0, 48.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.731 [0.549, 1.015] mg/100g (wet weight);
