分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Pardachirus: Greek, pardias, -ou = a fish similar to grey mullet + Greek, cheir = hand (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 2 - 40 m (Ref. 1602). 热带; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and Tonga (Ref. 2334), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to Onslow, Australia.
印度-太平洋: 斯里兰卡东至美属萨摩亚与东加 (参考文献 2334), 北至日本 (参考文献 559), 南至旺斯罗，澳洲。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2334); common length : 12.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9893)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 62 - 73; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 48 - 55. Eyes on right side. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal fin; pectoral fins absent; pelvic fins unequal, the right one with an elongated base and attached posteriorly to genital papilla (Ref. 9893). Series of toxic glands along the bases of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, their pores visible (Ref. 9893). Reddish brown, densely spotted on head; body and fins of ocular surface also with spots of various sizes and shapes, bordered by a dark rim and some with a blackish spot on center (Ref. 9893).
眼睛在右边上。 背鳍与臀鳍与尾鳍分开; 胸鳍不存在; 腹鳍不相等的, 一个右边的有一个瘦长的基底而且后面连接到生殖乳突.(参考文献 9893) 成列的有毒腺沿着背鳍基底- 与臀鳍棘条他们的孔看得见的.(参考文献 9893) 红褐色的, 在头部上有密集的斑点; 身体与有眼睛的一面的鳍也有被与一个深色的边缘接壤而且在中心上一些具有一个黑色的斑点的各种不同大小与形状的斑点。 (参考文献 9893)
Occurs on sand and mud bottoms of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602, 48637). Burries itself in the sand (Ref. 48637). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, especially small crustaceans (Ref. 9893). Extract from sac under the skin is toxic (Ref. 559) and the mucus appears to have shark-repellent qualities.
生活于舄湖与临海礁石的沙与泥底部。 (参考文献 1602,48637) 在砂中的 Burries 本身.(参考文献 48637) 主要吃底栖的无脊椎动物, 尤其小型甲壳动物.(参考文献 9893) 来自在皮肤下面的囊的分泌物是有毒的 (参考文献 559) ，而且黏液似乎有驱离鲨鱼的性质。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 斯里兰卡东至美属萨摩亚与东加 (参考文献 2334), 北至日本 (参考文献 559), 南至旺斯罗，澳洲。
Allen, G.R. and R. Swainston, 1988. The marine fishes of north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p. (Ref. 3132)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 986 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00584 - 0.01711), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 68.5 [25.4, 247.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.583 [0.244, 1.161] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0664 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [14.6, 61.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.7 [17.3, 257.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.74, 1.78] mg/100g (wet weight);
