分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) >
Notopteridae (Featherbacks or knifefishes) > Notopterinae
Etymology: Notopterus: Greek, noton = back + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 3 - 8; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672); 35°N - 10°S
Asia: Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna, Cauvery, and other river basins in southern India; Irrawaddy, and Salween; Meklong, Chao Phraya, Mekong and virtually all coastal river basins of peninsular Thailand and Malaysia; Sumatra and Java. Has never been reported in Borneo and is not present in the Red River basin of Tonkin (North Viet Nam).
亞洲: 印度河, 恒河-在印度南部的雅魯藏布江，馬哈維里河，克里希納河，考未立河與其他的河流域; 依洛瓦底江 , 與薩爾溫江; Meklong 河，湄南河, 湄公河與泰馬半島的事實上所有海岸河流域; 蘇門答臘與爪哇。 從未在婆羅洲被報告與是不出現在東京 (越南北方部) 的紅河流域.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7050); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4832)
背的软条 (总数) : 7 - 9; 臀鳍软条: 97 - 111. Distinguishable by its plain brown adult coloration and the convex or only slightly concave dorsal head profile; juveniles (<5 cm SL) with dark bars on the whole body (Ref. 27732); preopercular scale rows 6-8 (Ref. 7431); silvery-white with numerous fine grey spots on body and head (Ref. 4832).
可区别的用它全褐色的成鱼颜色与中凸或仅略凹的头部背面轮廓; 稚鱼 (<5 公分 SL) 在全身上有深色的横带;(参考文献 27732) 前鳃盖骨鳞片列 6-8;(参考文献 7431) 在身体与头部上银白色有很多的细灰色斑点。 (参考文献 4832)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in clear streams and enters brackish waters (Ref. 4832). Adults inhabit standing and sluggish waters of lakes, floodplains, canals and ponds (Ref. 12693). Undertake localized lateral migrations from the Mekong River to floodplains during the flood season and back to the mainstream or other permanent water bodies during the dry season (Ref. 37770). Common in tanks throughout the greater parts of India. Feed on insects, fish (Ref. 12693), crustaceans and some young roots of aquatic plants (Ref. 6459). Active during twilight and night. Colonize and breed seasonally during rainy days and migrates back to permanent waters in dry season (Ref. 12693). Breeding takes place in stagnant or running waters in the rainy season. Eggs are laid in small clumps on submerged vegetation. A female measuring 21-25 cm usually lays 1,200-3,000 eggs. The fish is relished both in fresh and dried state. Soup made from it is reported to be given to people with measles (Ref. 7431). Of high economic importance as food fish in South and Southeast Asia to Borneo and Sumatra and taken by all types of small-scale fishing gears (Ref. 57235).
发现于清澈溪流而且进入半咸淡水域了。 (参考文献 4832) 栖息于湖，洪泛区，管与池塘的不动与缓动性水域。 (参考文献 12693) 在干季的时候进行在洪水季节的时候局部的侧边回游到洪泛区的从湄公河而且游回主流或其他的永久性水体。 (参考文献 37770) 在印度的较大的部份各处常见于水族箱。 吃昆虫，鱼 (参考文献 12693) ，甲壳动物与一些水生植物的嫩根。 (参考文献 6459) 活跃的在晨昏与夜晚期间。 季节性地在下雨天的时候转移栖地与繁殖而且回游回到永久的水域在干季时。 (参考文獻 12693) 繁殖發生於在雨季中的污濁或流動的水域。 卵在水中植物上的小叢中生產。 通常測量 21-25 公分的一條母魚生下 1,200-3,000個卵。 魚被品嚐在生鮮與乾燥狀態中。 做從它的湯被報告對麻疹病人有。 (參考文獻 7431) 到婆羅洲與蘇門答臘的在南方與東南亞的高經濟的重要食用魚採自了所有類型的小規模漁網。 (參考文獻 57235)
Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 1672).亞洲: 印度河, 恒河-在印度南部的雅魯藏布江，馬哈維里河，克里希納河，考未立河與其他的河流域; 依洛瓦底江 , 與薩爾溫江; Meklong 河，湄南河, 湄公河與泰馬半島的事實上所有海岸河流域; 蘇門答臘與爪哇。 從未在婆羅洲被報告與是不出現在東京 (越南北方部) 的紅河流域.
Roberts, T.R., 1992. Systematic revision of the old world freshwater fish family Notopteridae. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(4):361-383. (Ref. 7431)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00472 - 0.00769), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 190 [79, 465] mg/100g; Iron = 1.26 [0.60, 2.73] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.6, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.097, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 33.5 [12.4, 105.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [5.3, 72.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.64, 2.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
