Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 20 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Maldives to Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 48636)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 12; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 25 - 28; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 20 - 22.
Occur in coral reefs in pairs or several aggregations. Juveniles in estuaries (Ref. 48636). Commonly exported to Europe and America, but quite difficult to acclimate to aquarium conditions. Feed on coral polyps. Usually found on reef edge and upper slope (Ref. 6113). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2565 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 98.2 [51.2, 151.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.3] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.6, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.070, 0.181] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [16.2, 53.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.1 [15.8, 165.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.93, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
