Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - 20 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Maldives to Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 48636)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 25 - 28; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 20 - 22.
Occur in coral reefs in pairs or several aggregations. Juveniles in estuaries (Ref. 48636). Commonly exported to Europe and America, but quite difficult to acclimate to aquarium conditions. Feed on coral polyps. Usually found on reef edge and upper slope (Ref. 6113). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2565 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 98.2 [51.2, 151.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.3] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.6, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.070, 0.181] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [16.2, 53.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.1 [15.8, 165.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.93, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
