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Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050) and Red Sea south to Natal, South Africa, Mauritius, Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Reported as likely at Seychelles (Ref. 1623) but Randall and van Egmond 1994 (Ref. 10685) believe otherwise. 西印度洋: 紅海南至南非的納塔爾，模里西斯，馬達加斯加與科羅摩群島。 或許在塞錫爾群島 (參考文獻 1623) 被記錄為了，但是 Randall 與 van Egmond 1994(參考文獻 10685) 不一樣地相信。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5213); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450)
背棘 (总数) : 13; 背的软条 (总数) : 19 - 20; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 7. Adults silvery with spots; small juveniles with stripes. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal. 成鱼银色的有斑点; 小的稚鱼有斑纹。
Occurs in coastal reefs, sand banks and near estuaries (Ref. 2871). Often in large groups under ledges or along coral slopes by day (Ref. 9710). Flesh with an iodoform taste (Ref. 2799). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Smith, M.M. and R.J. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 564-571. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2799)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
首选温度 (参考文献 123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 575 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00626 - 0.02905), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278): 3.8 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈
气候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈
