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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 55 - 80 m (Ref. 68964). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 30°E - 82°E
Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050) and Red Sea south to Natal, South Africa, Mauritius, Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Reported as likely at Seychelles (Ref. 1623) but Randall and van Egmond 1994 (Ref. 10685) believe otherwise.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5213); common length : 35.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5450)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 19 - 20; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7. Adults silvery with spots; small juveniles with stripes.
Occurs in coastal reefs, sand banks and near estuaries (Ref. 2871). Often in large groups under ledges or along coral slopes by day (Ref. 9710). Flesh with an iodoform taste (Ref. 2799). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Smith, M.M. and R.J. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 564-571. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2799)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 575 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00670 - 0.02842), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [12, 63] mg/100g; Iron = 0.509 [0.273, 0.954] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.138 [0.075, 0.220] g/100g; Selenium = 33.1 [19.5, 55.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 81 [33, 196] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.987 [0.684, 1.458] mg/100g (wet weight);
