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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharoides: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino batidemersale; distribuzione batimetrica 182 - 200 m (Ref. 5321). Deep-water; 2°S - 29°S

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: known only Kenya to Natal, South Africa.

Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5213)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 65 - 72; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 45 - 50. Eyed side buff in color with dark spots or blotches on body and dorsal and anal fins; 2 black spots on peduncle at base of last dorsal and anal rays (Ref. 5321).

Found in coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 5213).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaboratori

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Citharidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9612)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: commerciale

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Informazioni ulteriori

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.8 - 17.6, mean 14.8 °C (based on 4 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00350 - 0.02071), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 43.1 [20.8, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.204, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.2, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [4, 74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.329, 0.714] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist, 1904)