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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Citharidae (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharoides: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री बाथीड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 182 - 200 m (Ref. 5321). Deep-water; 2°S - 29°S

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Western Indian Ocean: known only Kenya to Natal, South Africa.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5213)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 65 - 72; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 45 - 50. Eyed side buff in color with dark spots or blotches on body and dorsal and anal fins; 2 black spots on peduncle at base of last dorsal and anal rays (Ref. 5321).

Found in coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 5213).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Amaoka, Kunio | सहयोगीयो

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Citharidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9612)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.8 - 17.6, mean 14.8 °C (based on 4 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00350 - 0.02071), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 43.1 [20.8, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.204, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.2, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [4, 74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.329, 0.714] mg/100g (wet weight);

Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist, 1904)