分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Citharidae (Citharids)
棘鮃科 (Citharids)
Etymology: Citharoides: Latin, cithara = lire like instrument + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 182 - 200 m (Ref. 5321). 深水域; 2°S - 29°S
Western Indian Ocean: known only Kenya to Natal, South Africa.
西印度洋: 只有肯亞到南非的納塔爾知道。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5213)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 65 - 72; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 45 - 50. Eyed side buff in color with dark spots or blotches on body and dorsal and anal fins; 2 black spots on peduncle at base of last dorsal and anal rays (Ref. 5321).
有眼睛的一邊暗黃色顏色在身體與背鰭與臀鰭上有深色的斑點或斑塊; 在最後背鰭與臀鰭鰭條的基底的在梗上的 2個黑色的斑點.(參考文獻 5321)
Found in coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 5213).
發現於沿岸水域了, 在沙泥底之上。 (參考文獻 5213)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西印度洋: 只有肯亞到南非的納塔爾知道。
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Citharidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9612)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.8 - 17.6, mean 14.8 °C (based on 4 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00350 - 0.02071), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.1 [20.8, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.449 [0.204, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.12, 0.61] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [5.2, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [4, 74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.329, 0.714] mg/100g (wet weight);
