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Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Tetraodontidae (Puffers)
四齒魨科 (Puffers) > Canthigasterinae
Etymology: Canthigaster: Greek, kanthos = the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the lids meet, 1646 + Greek, gaster = stomach (Ref. 45335); valentini: Presumably after Gabriel Gustav Valentin (P.Adamicka, pers.comm. 11/09)..
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 55 m (Ref. 1602). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 4919) and east to the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island.
印度-太平洋: 紅海南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 4919) 而且東至 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至羅得豪島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.6, range 4 - 5.4 cm
Max length : 11.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4919)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9. Side with two prominent dark bars extending to belly (Ref. 559).
側邊有兩個延伸至腹面的突出的深色橫帶。 (參考文獻 559)
Found among coral heads and rocks of subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 4919, 5503). Common on coastal reefs at various depths. Mimic filefish, males are territorial and are often seen fighting (Ref. 48637). Feed mainly on filamentous green and red algae, tunicates, and on smaller amounts of corals, bryozoans, polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusks, and brown and coralline red algae. Form shoals (10-100 or more) often with the filefish, Paraluteres prionurus (about 5% of shoal) mimicking C. valentini to protect it from predators (Ref. 4919, 5503). Territorial and haremic; males spawn with a different female each day (Ref. 9710). One or more territories are occupied and defended each by a female where a single large male stands guard (Ref. 55082). All sexually mature females are territorial females (Ref. 55082). Demersal spawner (Ref. 35298).
發現於亞潮間帶潟湖與臨海礁石的珊瑚頂部與岩石中.。 (參考文獻 4919,5503) 在各種不同的深度常見於岸礁。 擬態屯魚, 雄姓具有領域性而且時常被見到戰鬥.(參考文獻 48637) 主要捕食絲狀的綠藻與紅藻，被囊類, 與在比較小量的珊瑚，苔蘚蟲類，多毛類動物，棘皮動物，軟體動物與褐藻與珊瑚紅藻上。 形式淺灘 (10-100個或更多) 通常有屯魚, 副革單棘魨〔Paraluteres prionurus〕 (大約 5% 的淺灘) 擬態 C. valentini 保護它免於掠食者.(參考文獻 4919,5503) 具有領域性與一雄多雌一起生活的; 雄性每天與一個不同的母魚交配。 (參考文獻 9710) 一個或多個領土被一個大的雄魚臺子保衛的一條母魚佔領而且防護每個。 (參考文獻 55082) 所有的性成熟雌性是具有領域性雌性。 (參考文獻 55082) 底棲產卵魚.(參考文獻 35298)
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Social and mating systems of this species are based upon female territoriality where polygyny results from males defending females occupying a certain territory (female-defense polygyny) (Ref. 55082). All sexually mature females are territorial females (Ref. 55082). Neither parent guards the eggs which are laid in a nest located in the female's territory (Ref. 46142).
During breeding, territorial females perform the 'caudal flexing with swollen abdomen display' to signal courtship and readiness to spawn. The male acknowledges with no courtship or color displays but rather by visiting the sites frequently. The territorial female then begins pecking at the substrate in preparation for egg laying. The female initiates the spawning event by pressing her abdomen into the prepared site. The territorial male quickly lays his body across her caudal peduncle and both remained in this position for 5-10 sec. The male swims away after leaving the female beating her anal fin rapidly over the nest site to ensure fertilization of the eggs and to push the eggs deep into the algal substrate (Ref. 46142). All territorial males spawn with territorial females, depriving the bachelor males of the chance to copulate which nevertheless don't interfere with the spawning between the territorial male and females (Ref. 46142).印度-太平洋: 紅海南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 4919) 而且東至 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至羅得豪島。
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 846 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03388 (0.01902 - 0.06038), b=2.85 (2.69 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fecundity = 400).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 113 [51, 272] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.51, 2.51] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.06, 0.26] g/100g; Selenium = 39.9 [18.9, 91.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [12.6, 189.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.85 [1.19, 2.80] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Canthigaster valentini (Valentin\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caval_u2.jpg "Image of Canthigaster valentini (Valentin\")