分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 31°N - 23°S, 57°E - 144°W
Indo_West Pacific: Maldives (Ref. 11303) and Cocos Islands (Ref. 9399); Sumatra to Fiji (Ref. 9710) and New Caledonia, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rowley Shoals.
西太平洋: 蘇門答臘到斐濟 (參考文獻 9710) 與新加勒多尼亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至羅雷淺灘; 在密克羅尼西亞的帛琉 (可能地狂吠)。 印度洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 11303) 與科科斯群島.(參考文獻 9399)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 72.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 60.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 37816); 最大體重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 9710)
背棘 (總數) : 11 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數) : 18 - 20; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: chin with 6 pores, no median pit; gill rakers on first gill arch 9-12 + 1 + 27-32 = 36-43; D XII (rarely XI),18-20; longest dorsal-fin ray 16-25% of standard length, almost equal to length of soft dorsal-fin base in small specimens, more than 1/2 length of soft dorsal-fin base in adults; lips fleshy, moderately swollen with age; scales ctenoid (rough to touch); lateral line tubed scales about 52-59; body depth 2.4-2.5 in SL; caudal fin deeply forked with broadly rounded lobes in juveniles; only slightly forked to emarginate in adults. Colour of body with numerous dark brown spots, generally larger than pupil; pelvic fins spotted, darkening with age; juveniles brownish with large, well-defined creamy white blotches on body that include brown spots with age; colour gradually changing into a greyish background with large, deep brown spots (Ref. 47695, 90102).
稚魚褐色的有大的白色斑塊。 變成更多斑點的隨著年齡, 徹底改變從白色到黑色的有斑點的在過程中。 較深的身體相較於了其他大部分的在本屬中.(參考文獻 48635)
Inhabits coral-rich areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Adults are solitary, near and under ledges or caves by day. Juveniles are found among corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and fishes at night. Juveniles are used in the aquarium industry (Ref. 9137). Small juveniles may mimic a toxic flatworm (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh, a small quantity is salted. Large fish have coarse and dry flesh (Ref. 47695).
棲息於清澈的潟湖與臨海礁石的珊瑚礁繁盛區域。 成魚是獨居性的, 白天在岩架或洞穴附近或下面。 稚魚在珊瑚之中被發現。 (參考文獻 9710) 吃甲殼動物，軟體動物與魚在晚上。 稚魚被用於水族館業。 (參考文獻 9137) 小的稚魚會擬態一個有毒的扁形蟲。 (參考文獻 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).西太平洋: 蘇門答臘到斐濟 (參考文獻 9710) 與新加勒多尼亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至羅雷淺灘; 在密克羅尼西亞的帛琉 (可能地狂吠)。 印度洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 11303) 與科科斯群島.(參考文獻 9399)
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2654 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01078 - 0.02935), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [10.8, 51.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.448 [0.229, 0.851] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0978 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 32.8 [16.8, 63.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.6 [12.0, 152.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.972 [0.626, 1.520] mg/100g (wet weight);
