Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 5 - 50 m (Ref. 6302). Temperate; 64°N - 26°N, 24°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: 68°N to Morocco. Reported from Iceland (Ref. 12462). Also known throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 37.0, range 33 - 41 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3397); peso máximo publicado: 8.0 kg (Ref. 35388); edad máxima reportada: 6 años (Ref. 38118)
Thinner and more slender body. Skin with small, smooth scales, without bony tubercle. Able to change color of the eyed side, matching the bottom they rest on. Color is often olive green, with dark and light spots (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Lives on sandy or mixed bottoms; feeds on bottom-living fishes and larger crustaceans. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
Herramientas
Informes especiales
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 8.4 - 19.5, mean 11.2 °C (based on 472 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5645 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00893 - 0.01346), b=3.01 (2.95 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm=3-5; tmax=6).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.70, Based on 5 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.7 [14.9, 70.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.174 [0.061, 0.770] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.140, 0.491] g/100g; Selenium = 14 [6, 33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.74 [1.87, 40.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.145 [0.082, 0.500] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.