分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
江鱈科 (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Brosme: Greek, brosomai, bibrosko = to eat up, to devour (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 18 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 18 - 549 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 83°N - 37°N, 75°W - 57°E (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: New Jersey to the Strait of Belle Isle and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Rare at the southern tip of Greenland. Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland, in the northern North Sea, and along the coast of Scandinavia to the Murmansk Coast and at Spitzbergen.
西北大西洋: 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽與在紐芬蘭的大岸灘上。 稀有的在格陵蘭的最南端。 東北大西洋: 外海的冰島, 在北海北部, 而且沿著斯堪的那維亞半島到莫曼斯克海岸的海岸而在 Spitzbergen。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 53.3, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 93 - 103; 臀鰭軟條: 62 - 75; 脊椎骨: 64 - 67. Barbel on present on chin, none on snout, its length equal to eye diameter. Color is variable; dorsally dark red-brown or green brown to yellow shading into pale color on belly. Young specimens may have six transverse yellow bands on sides. Vertical fins with dark margin rimmed with white.
觸鬚位於下巴之上之上, 沒有吻之上, 它的長度等於眼直徑。 色彩是可變的; 背面暗紅色褐色或綠色的褐色到黃色在腹面上變化成灰白的顏色。 幼魚在側邊上可能有六條橫跨的黃色條紋。 具有深色邊的垂直鰭有白色邊了。
Found in small shoals on rough, rock, gravel, or pebble bottoms. Generally keeps far from the shore, near the bottom, mostly between 150 and 450 m in the northeastern Atlantic, and between 18 and 550 m in the northwestern Atlantic. Occurs at a temperature range of 0°-10° C (Ref. 9988). Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crustaceans and shellfishes, benthic fishes (flatfishes and gurnard) and even on starfishes. Preyed upon by seals (Ref. 9988). Sold fresh, frozen as fillets or dried salted. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
發現於小的淺灘粗略地了, 岩石，礫石或小圓石底部。 通常保存遠離海岸, 在底部的附近, 大部份在東北方的大西洋在 150 與 450 公尺之間, 與在 18之間與在西北大西洋中的 550 公尺。 生存在 0 的溫差 °-10 ° C 。 (參考文獻 9988) 獨居性或形成小群魚群。 吃甲殼動物與貝，底棲的魚 (比目魚與 gurnard) 甚至在海星上。 被海豹捕食了。 (參考文獻 9988) 生鮮販賣了, 凍結如魚排或乾燥鹽醃。 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了而且燒烤了.(參考文獻 9988)
Spawns in shallower waters between 40-400 m, usually 100 to 200 m. Most important spawning grounds are located between Scotland and Iceland, from 200 to 500 m depth. In the Gulf of Maine, spawning grounds can be found in shallower waters (>50 m). Some individuals even spawn close inshore in Cape Cod, Provincetown Harbor and the Isles of Shoals (Ref. 1371). 西北大西洋: 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽與在紐芬蘭的大岸灘上。 稀有的在格陵蘭的最南端。 東北大西洋: 外海的冰島, 在北海北部, 而且沿著斯堪的那維亞半島到莫曼斯克海岸的海岸而在 Spitzbergen。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
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漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 7.7, mean 3.6 °C (based on 726 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00402 - 0.00751), b=3.09 (3.00 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.1 (6.8 - 11.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.08-0.16; tm=8-10; tmax=20; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.45, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.1 [10.6, 44.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.308 [0.158, 0.657] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.376 [0.199, 0.688] g/100g; Selenium = 29.3 [14.7, 59.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.7, 41.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.364 [0.244, 0.562] mg/100g (wet weight);
