Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; катадромный (Ref. 46888); пределы глубины 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 24°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050) and Red Sea to Samoa, north to Japan. Collected at Natal, South Africa (Ref. 11228).
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9812); common length : 25.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9812)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 4 - 5; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 8 - 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 9. Dark greenish dorsally, brownish over head, white ventrally; 3-6 indistinct, dark stripes along upper rows of scales; greyish dorsal fins; caudal fin bluish with black margin (Ref. 9812). Yellowish pectoral fin and may have a blue spot at fin origin (Ref. 9812).
Form schools in shallow coastal waters and enters lagoons, estuaries, and fresh water to feed (Ref. 9812). Juveniles may enter rice fields and mangroves (Ref. 9812). Feed on small algae, diatoms and benthic detrital material taken in with sand and mud; fry take zooplankton, diatoms, detrital material and inorganic sediment (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawning occurs at sea. Also caught with stakenets (Ref. 9812). Marketed fresh and salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
Thomson, J.M., 1984. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; наживка: usually
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.01053 - 0.01505), b=2.93 (2.90 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.15-0.63).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 173 [76, 396] mg/100g; Iron = 1.16 [0.53, 2.47] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.128, 0.590] g/100g; Selenium = 31.5 [15.5, 77.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24 [6, 81] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.24, 2.81] mg/100g (wet weight);
