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Acropomatiformes (Oceanic basses) >
Pempheridae (Sweepers)
Etymology: Pempheris: Greek, pempheris = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335); adspersa: Name from Latin 'sparsus' meaning sprinkled or strewn, referring to the small pigment spots observed on preserved specimens..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 70 m (Ref. 88976). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.8 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 88976)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 5 - 6; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10 - 12; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 29 - 35. This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: some interorbital scales are cycloid; usually 3 or more predorsal scales cycloid, often forming a mesial line of cycloid scales; axillary scale absent; 56-68 lateral-line scales, rarely more than 66; 18-24 scales below lateral line, rarely more than 22; 29-35 anal fin rays; ratio of preanal length to anal-fin base length 1.19-1.55; ratio of pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin to anal-fin base length 0.38-0.59; anterior light organ associated with pyloric caeca absent (Ref. 88976).
Nocturnal, retreats to large surge pools or channels open to the sea during the day and usually under overhangs or ledges in small schools. Juveniles occur amongst weed along rocky shores in late summer. Feeds on plankton and benthic organisms (Ref. 26966). Adult diet observed consists of amphipods (45%), mysids (20%), polychaetes (20%), isopods (7%), and crab larvae and ostracods (8%) which are taken out of the water column c. 4-5 m from the bottom. Juveniles that are less than 40 mm are diurnal feeders, mostly feeding on small copepods. Some groups were observed to enter rivers by night in summer and swim well upstream into mangrove forests to feed on crab larvae, shrimps, amphipods, and other zooplankton (Ref. 88976). The smallest identified gravid female was 8.56 cm SL and the largest 12.3 cm SL. Gravid females were found among collections made in mid November into February. These observations agree with reported observations that spawning occurs from November through February and that juveniles settle in January through April (Ref. 88976).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Paulin, C. and C. Roberts, 1992. The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 18.3, mean 17.6 °C (based on 34 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00613 - 0.02054), b=3.02 (2.85 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.55).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.7 [11.9, 50.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.241 [0.131, 0.450] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.17, 0.64] g/100g; Selenium = 6.83 [3.00, 16.03] μg/100g; VitaminA = 49.2 [10.5, 227.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.702 [0.435, 1.125] mg/100g (wet weight);
