Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 28°S - 34°S
Southeast Atlantic: Mossel Bay to Natal in South Africa.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 57.5  range ? - 70 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3198); common length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3507); publicerad maxvikt: 80.0 kg (Ref. 4537)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10 - 11; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. Reddish, bronzy or golden-yellow in color; young with a blotch behind dorsal fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found near rocky banks in coastal waters including estuaries. Adults solitary and territorial. Feeds on octopus, crabs and fish, especially Spondyliosoma. The flesh is highly esteemed, but the liver is poisonous due to high vitamin A content which causes hypervitaminosis. Popular angling fish. Largest of the porgies.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 3507)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 15 - 24, mean 22.2 °C (based on 10 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00881 - 0.02723), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.08; tm=5-7; tmax=30;).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29 [17, 56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.833 [0.448, 1.585] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.22, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [16.0, 74.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.94 [2.73, 33.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.332, 0.711] mg/100g (wet weight);