Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; salobre demersal; rango de profundidad 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 28°S - 34°S
Southeast Atlantic: Mossel Bay to Natal in South Africa.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 57.5  range ? - 70 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3198); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3507); peso máximo publicado: 80.0 kg (Ref. 4537)
Descripción breve
Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total) : 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 10 - 11; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. Reddish, bronzy or golden-yellow in color; young with a blotch behind dorsal fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found near rocky banks in coastal waters including estuaries. Adults solitary and territorial. Feeds on octopus, crabs and fish, especially Spondyliosoma. The flesh is highly esteemed, but the liver is poisonous due to high vitamin A content which causes hypervitaminosis. Popular angling fish. Largest of the porgies.
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 3507)
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial; pesca deportiva: si
Herramientas
Informes especiales
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 15 - 24, mean 22.2 °C (based on 10 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00881 - 0.02723), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 4.5 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.08; tm=5-7; tmax=30;).
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29 [17, 56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.833 [0.448, 1.585] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.22, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [16.0, 74.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.94 [2.73, 33.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.332, 0.711] mg/100g (wet weight);