分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 亞熱帶的; 28°S - 34°S
Southeast Atlantic: Mossel Bay to Natal in South Africa.
東南大西洋: 對南非的納塔爾的 Mossel 海灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 57.5 range ? - 70 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3198); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3507); 最大体重: 80.0 kg (Ref. 4537)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Reddish, bronzy or golden-yellow in color; young with a blotch behind dorsal fin.
淡红的，青铜色或金黄色的颜色; 幼鱼有一个斑块在后背鳍。
Found near rocky banks in coastal waters including estuaries. Adults solitary and territorial. Feeds on octopus, crabs and fish, especially Spondyliosoma. The flesh is highly esteemed, but the liver is poisonous due to high vitamin A content which causes hypervitaminosis. Popular angling fish. Largest of the porgies.
在沿岸水域包括河口发现于靠近岩石的浅堆了。 成鱼独居性的与具有领域性。 吃章鱼，螃蟹与鱼, 尤其 Spondyliosoma. 肉是深受喜爱的，但是肝脏是有毒的由于引起维他命过多症的高含量的维他命 A。 受欢迎的垂钓鱼种。 大的棘鬣鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東南大西洋: 對南非的納塔爾的 Mossel 海灣。
Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2009
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15 - 24, mean 22.2 °C (based on 10 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00889 - 0.02698), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08; tm=5-7; tmax=30;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29 [17, 56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.833 [0.448, 1.585] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.22, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [16.0, 74.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.94 [2.73, 33.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.332, 0.711] mg/100g (wet weight);
