Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C; 35°N - 36°S, 19°E - 137°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the east African coast (30° to about 50°S) to Australia and Tahiti, north to the Ryukyu Islands (Ref. 27956).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5525); common length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5450)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 8; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 15 - 17; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 14.
Found in shallow inshore coastal waters over silty bottoms (Ref. 30573, 90102). Young enters mangrove estuaries or silty reef areas (Ref. 4833, 90102). Searches for prey using a protruding pipette-like mouth or by sieving potential food through their gill rakers (Ref. 26569). Feeds on small fishes, shrimps, other crustaceans, and polychaetes. Sold fresh and dried salted; also made into fishmeal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01184 - 0.02026), b=3.05 (2.98 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.0 (0.9 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (K=0.70-1.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 253 [100, 601] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.01, 3.26] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.339 [0.185, 0.630] g/100g; Selenium = 56.4 [26.8, 116.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.3 [8.9, 85.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
