Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C; 35°N - 36°S, 19°E - 137°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the east African coast (30° to about 50°S) to Australia and Tahiti, north to the Ryukyu Islands (Ref. 27956).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5525); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5450)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 8; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 17; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 13 - 14.
Found in shallow inshore coastal waters over silty bottoms (Ref. 30573, 90102). Young enters mangrove estuaries or silty reef areas (Ref. 4833, 90102). Searches for prey using a protruding pipette-like mouth or by sieving potential food through their gill rakers (Ref. 26569). Feeds on small fishes, shrimps, other crustaceans, and polychaetes. Sold fresh and dried salted; also made into fishmeal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01184 - 0.02026), b=3.05 (2.98 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.0 (0.9 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.70-1.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 253 [100, 601] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.01, 3.26] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.339 [0.185, 0.630] g/100g; Selenium = 56.4 [26.8, 116.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.3 [8.9, 85.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
