Leiognathus equula, Common ponyfish : fisheries, aquaculture

Leiognathus equula (Forsskål, 1775)

Common ponyfish
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Leiognathus equula
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Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Leiognathidae (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes) > Leiognathinae
Etymology: Leiognathus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien; zoet water; brak water demersaal; amfidroom; diepte 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 30°N - 36°S, 27°E - 170°W

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa (including Reunion, Comoros, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius) to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 10.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9710); common length : 18.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 47581)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 8; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 15 - 16; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 14 - 15. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep, compressed, with a strongly humped back; body depth 1.7-1.9 times in standard length; mouth pointing downward when protracted; gill rakers short and fleshy, less than 1/2 length of corresponding gill lamellae, total gill rakers on first gill arch 18-22; head and breast scaleless; tubed scales on lateral line 61-66. Colour of adults, back greyish, belly silvery and many parallel close-set faint bars on back; usually a dark brown saddle on caudal peduncle; axil of pectoral fins grey to black; margin of soft dorsal fin black; both caudal-fin lobes with broad dusky margins; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins colourless to yellowish. In juveniles (5-7 cm TL), thin, closely arranged, grey vertical lines descending from back to about midheight; membrane between anal-fin spines conspicuously yellow; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes pale yellow and dusky; other fins hyaline; snout dotted black (Ref. 47581).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found in river mouths and muddy inshore areas (Ref. 2847, 37816), often in mangrove areas (Ref. 48635). Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms, usually between depths of 10-70 meters. Juveniles are commonly found in mangrove estuaries and tidal creeks, sometimes entering the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). Adults move in schools. Frequently ascend into freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12693). Active by day (Ref. 12693). Feed on polychaetes, small crustaceans, small fishes (Ref. 30573) and worms (Ref. 12693). Important food fish in the tropics (Ref. 4376). Caught near the bottom with bottom trawls, set nets, push nets, dip nets, and beach seines. In Indian waters, schools near the surface during April-May when caught with drift gill nets. Larger specimens sorted for human consumption and marketed fresh or dried-salted, but surplus fish used to feed ducks, converted to fishmeal, or discarded (Ref. 47581).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator : Woodland, David J. | Medewerkers

James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 July 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

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genoom
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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale databanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Schattingen op basis van modellen

Gewenste temperatuur (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1800 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01164 - 0.01879), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.0   ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.35-1.88).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (17 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   High.
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 209 [112, 444] mg/100g; Iron = 1.6 [0.9, 2.9] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.12, 0.41] g/100g; Selenium = 73.2 [37.7, 156.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.83 [2.57, 24.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [1.02, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);