分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
單棘魨科 (Filefishes)
Etymology: Aluterus: Name from Greek meaning not free or detached, referring to the pelvis that does not form a spiny project (as it does in triggerfish) (R. Chandler, pers. Comm. 10/2014)..
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 39°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 36453). Eastern Atlantic: west coast of tropical Africa (Ref. 3592). Eastern Pacific: Guatemala to Chile (Ref. 9068); probably in Mexico (Ref. 9318). Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique and South Africa (Ref. 4421). Recently recorded from Reunion (Ref. 53568).
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453) 東大西洋: 熱帶非洲的西岸.(參考文獻 3592) 東太平洋: 瓜地馬拉到智利;(參考文獻 9068) 可能在墨西哥.(參考文獻 9318) 西印度洋: 莫三比克與南非.(參考文獻 4421) 最近從留尼旺島記錄。 (參考文獻 53568)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3467); 最大體重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 2; 背的軟條 (總數) : 45 - 52; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 47 - 53. Rudimentary pelvic spine disappears in large specimen (Ref. 36453). Snout convex in adults (Ref. 1602). Sandy to grey with small brown spots above; soft dorsal and anal fins pale yellowish to brownish; caudal membrane blackish brown (Ref. 4421).
不發達的腹棘較大時消失標本。 (參考文獻 36453) 當成魚時的吻凸狀.(參考文獻 1602) 沙土色到灰色的有小褐色斑點上方; 軟的背鰭與臀鰭灰白的淡黃色的到褐色的; 尾部的薄膜暗褐色的.(參考文獻 4421)
Occasionally in shallow water by steep drop-offs. Solitary or in pairs, occasionally in groups of five or six, at less than 10 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adults and juveniles are rarely seen near reefs. Juveniles often with large jellies and these may bring them close to reefs and adults may nest on sandflats adjacent to reefs in deep water. At other times, the adults may form large schools under weed-rafts that usually form during the wet season (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic organisms (Ref. 30573).
偶見於陡峭海峭壁的淺水區。 獨居性或成對, 偶而成群出現五或六, 在少於 10 公尺深。 稚魚是大洋性的, 在漂浮的目標下面見到。 (參考文獻 9318) 吃底棲的生物。 (參考文獻 30573)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453) 東大西洋: 熱帶非洲的西岸.(參考文獻 3592) 東太平洋: 瓜地馬拉到智利;(參考文獻 9068) 可能在墨西哥.(參考文獻 9318) 西印度洋: 莫三比克與南非.(參考文獻 4421) 最近從留尼旺島記錄。 (參考文獻 53568)
Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 February 2014
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.8 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 1868 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01186 - 0.03061), b=2.89 (2.75 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.9 [5.6, 53.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.487 [0.214, 1.238] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.071, 0.304] g/100g; Selenium = 21.9 [8.3, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [6.0, 98.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.522 [0.321, 0.882] mg/100g (wet weight);
