Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 0 - 425 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 52°N - 24°N, 131°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, Canada to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 29 - 39 cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2850); publicerad maxvikt: 1.5 kg (Ref. 40637); rapporterad maxålder: 35 år (Ref. 56049)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13 - 16; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 9; Ryggkotor: 26. Head spines very weak - preoculars present, nasal, supraocular and parietal spines usually absent, postocular, tympanic, coronal and nuchal spines absent; chin projects outward; preopercular spines fairly strong; anal fin small and rear edge slanted posteriorly, 2nd anal spine short; body slender (Ref. 27437). Caudal fin moderately indented (Ref. 6885). Pinkish red to copper pink, white ventrally; lateral line in bright red zone; caudal fin dusky (Ref. 27437).
Adults frequent deep rocky reefs as well as sand and mud bottoms; young are pelagic (Ref. 36715) and occur in shallower waters (Ref. 2850). Feed on euphausiids (Ref. 6885), krill, small squids and fishes (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 9.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.24; tm=4; tmax=27; Fec=29,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [8.5, 73.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.242 [0.103, 0.603] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.34 [0.55, 3.24] g/100g; Selenium = 40.2 [14.5, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [7.4, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.226, 0.756] mg/100g (wet weight);