Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 425 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 52°N - 24°N, 131°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, Canada to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 29 - 39 cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 2850); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.5 kg (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 35 वर्षो (Ref. 56049)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13 - 16; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7 - 9; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 26. Head spines very weak - preoculars present, nasal, supraocular and parietal spines usually absent, postocular, tympanic, coronal and nuchal spines absent; chin projects outward; preopercular spines fairly strong; anal fin small and rear edge slanted posteriorly, 2nd anal spine short; body slender (Ref. 27437). Caudal fin moderately indented (Ref. 6885). Pinkish red to copper pink, white ventrally; lateral line in bright red zone; caudal fin dusky (Ref. 27437).
Adults frequent deep rocky reefs as well as sand and mud bottoms; young are pelagic (Ref. 36715) and occur in shallower waters (Ref. 2850). Feed on euphausiids (Ref. 6885), krill, small squids and fishes (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 9.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.24; tm=4; tmax=27; Fec=29,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [8.5, 73.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.242 [0.103, 0.603] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.34 [0.55, 3.24] g/100g; Selenium = 40.2 [14.5, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [7.4, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.226, 0.756] mg/100g (wet weight);
