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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Nichols.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 30 - 200 m (Ref. 5951). Subtropical; 45°N - 37°S
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern Argentina; apparently rare in the West Indies.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 500.00 g (Ref. 5217)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 8; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 32; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 28. Body elongate and slightly compressed; posterior edge of upper jaw reaching to below anterior margin of eye; eye large with a well developed adipose eyelid; shallow furrow on upper margin of shoulder girdle; body except for small part behind pectoral fin covered with small cycloid scales; body dark blue dorsally, silver-white ventrally; black blotch on posterior margin of opercle; tip of snout dusky; anterior margin and tip of first dorsal fin dusky, other parts pale; second dorsal fin pale; caudal fin dusky, pectoral and pelvic fins pale (Ref. 13608).
Adults are benthopelagic over continental shelves (Ref. 5217). Rare in oceanic insular areas (Ref. 5217). Juveniles associate with the jellyfish Chrysaora lactea in Southwestern Atlantic. Preyed on by juvenile comb grouper (Mycteroperca acutirostris) when protection given by the jellyfish fails (Ref. 52493). Adults are found often in schools. They feed on small invertebrates. Marketed fresh locally and considered a good food fish (Ref. 9626). In southern Brazil, stocks are found in 147 m deep water (Ref. 47377).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.5 - 27.1, mean 22.5 °C (based on 191 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00831 - 0.01048), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.16; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.83, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 110 [48, 194] mg/100g; Iron = 1.94 [1.02, 3.58] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [19.1, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.116, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 16.6 [8.3, 34.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.7 [15.9, 264.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.65 [1.07, 2.55] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
