Classification / Names
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Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Catostomidae (Suckers) > Catostominae
Etymology: Catostomus: Greek, kata = down + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335); catostomus: catostomus meaning inferior mouth, alluding to the ventral position of the mouth..
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
; น้ำจืด; กร่อย สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; pH range: 6.5 - 7.8; dH range: 5 - 25; ระดับความลึก ? - 180 m (Ref. 1998). Temperate; 0°C - 15°C (Ref. 12468); 38°N - 32°N
North America: throughout most of Canada and Alaska; Atlantic Slope south to Delaware River drainage in New York, USA; Great Lakes basin; upper Monongahela River drainage in Maryland and West Virginia, USA; Missouri River drainage south to Nebraska and Colorado, USA. Also in Arctic basin of Siberia in Russia. Occurs in Columbia River System (Molly Hallock, pers. comm.).
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 5723); common length : 22.5 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 12193); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 3.3 kg (Ref. 28924); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 20 ปี (Ref. 12193)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 0; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 9 - 11; เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 0; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 7; สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง: 45 - 47. Distinguished by the sucking mouth located on the ventral sides of the head and thick papillose lips (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short; lateral line complete, inconspicuous; caudal tips slightly rounded (Ref. 27547). Adults may be reddish brown, dark brassy green or black above, paler on the lower sides, with the ventral parts white; young fish are usually dark gray with small black spots; breeding males are usually dark above with a brilliant reddish stripe along each side, while females are greenish gold to copper, with a less brilliant red stripe; breeding males show prominent tubercles on the rays of the anal and caudal fins and also on the head (Ref. 27547).
Found in clear, cold, deep water of lakes and tributary streams; occasionally found in brackish water in the Arctic (Ref. 5723). Moves from lakes into inlet streams or from slow, deep pools into shallow, gravel-bottomed portions of streams to spawn (Ref. 27547). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 1998). Young are preyed upon by other fishes and fish-eating birds; while adults in spawning streams are taken by mammals, osprey and eagles (Ref. 1998). Utilized as a food fish or as dog food (Ref. 27547).
Spawns only during daytime (Ref. 27547). At spawning, males lie close to the bottom in the current of the spawning area while females stay along the banks and in still water (Ref. 27547). A female moves from the bank of the stream usually escorted by 2-4 males to the spawning area at the center of the stream. The males crowd beside her; egg deposition occurs as the males try to clasp the female with their pelvic fins or vibrate against her with their anal fins. This spawning act lasts for 3-5 seconds and may occur as often as 6-40 times per hour. After the eggs are deposited, the sexes separate and return to their previous stream positions (Ref.1998). Fish that moved out of a lake to spawn generally return to the lake a few days after spawning. However, river-resident fish may stay on or near the spawning area for much of the summer (Ref. 27547). Many spawn in two or even three consecutive years but others may skip one or two years between spawning (Ref. 10928).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
การประมง: มีการค้าเพียงเล็กน้อย; การตกปลาเป็นกีฬา: ใช่; สถานที่แสดงสัตว์และพืชน้ำ: สถานแสดงสัตว์น้ำของรัฐ
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00796 - 0.02287), b=2.99 (2.84 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำ, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 4.5 - 14 ปี (tm=2-10; tm=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
