Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; djupintervall 0 - 100 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 80°W - 29°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA (Ref. 7251) to Santos, Brazil (Ref. 26340) and Argentina (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 126011); publicerad maxvikt: 115.9 kg (Ref. 126011)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).

Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Endangered (EN) (A2cd+3d); Date assessed: 08 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi

Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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Life cycle
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Genetics
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Human related
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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References
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.7 - 27.7, mean 23.2 °C (based on 232 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (Fec=1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)