Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 100 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 80°W - 29°W

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA (Ref. 7251) to Santos, Brazil (Ref. 26340) and Argentina (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm WD macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 126011); peso máx. publicado: 115.9 kg (Ref. 126011)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).

Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

Em perigo (EN) (A2cd+3d); Date assessed: 08 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Ameaça para os humanos

Harmless

Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.7 - 27.7, mean 23.2 °C (based on 232 cells).

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)