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Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; diepte 0 - 100 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 80°W - 29°W

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Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA (Ref. 7251) to Santos, Brazil (Ref. 26340) and Argentina (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 126011); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 115.9 kg (Ref. 126011)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).

Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Bedreigd (EN) (A2cd+3d); Date assessed: 08 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.7 - 27.7, mean 23.2 °C (based on 232 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Fec=1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)