分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
This species is considered as a junior synonym of Mobula kuhlii according to White et al., 2017 (Ref. 115945:9). The species page will be removed,.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 106604). 熱帶; 30°N - 21°S
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf to South Africa and the Philippines, north to Viet Nam, south to northern Australia (Ref. 9911). This species is noted as a possible synonym of the earlier Mobula diabolus (Shaw, 1804) in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣到南非與菲律賓, 北至越南, 南至澳洲北部.(參考文獻 9911) 這種在 Compagno 1999 名錄被紀錄為較早的 Mobula diabolus(Shaw, 1804) 的一個可能同種異名。 (參考文獻 35766)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6871)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Brownish-grey above, whitish below (Ref. 11228). Underside of pectorals with semicircular black blotch along middle of anterior edge (Ref. 11228).
背面灰褐色的, 腹面略白的.(參考文獻 11228) 胸鰭的下面有半圓形的黑色斑塊沿著前緣的中央.(參考文獻 11228)
Found in coastal and oceanic waters (Ref. 30573); solitary of aggregations, sometimes with 50 or more individuals (Ref. 90102). Not known to penetrate the epipelagic zone (Ref. 9911). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 30573). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
發現於了海岸的與大洋性水域.(參考文獻 30573) 不知道深入表層帶區域.(參考文獻 9911) 吃浮游生物。 (參考文獻 30573) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).印度-西太平洋: 紅海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣到南非與菲律賓, 北至越南, 南至澳洲北部.(參考文獻 9911) 這種在 Compagno 1999 名錄被紀錄為較早的 Mobula diabolus(Shaw, 1804) 的一個可能同種異名。 (參考文獻 35766)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 January 2020
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 2136 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.5 [7.6, 139.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.962 [0.235, 2.819] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [16, 26] %; Omega3 = 0.184 [0.050, 0.609] g/100g; Selenium = 50.2 [13.3, 160.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.1 [7.7, 73.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.942 [0.449, 1.798] mg/100g (wet weight);
