Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 1 - 600 m (Ref. 58426), usually 18 - 110 m (Ref. 7135). Temperate; 82°N - 40°N, 75°W - 61°E (Ref. 119696)
Northeast Atlantic: Spitsbergen southward to White Sea, Scandinavian coasts, North Sea, the British Isles, to the Northen part of Bay of Biscaye, also Iceland and south-eastern coasts of Greenland (Ref.. 57932). Northwest Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada and western Greenland to Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA; rarely to New Jersey, USA (Ref. 7251). Elsewhere in the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean from Ref. 57932 should be regarded as questionable, as stray at most, until original reports are cheked (see Ref. 119696).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); publicerad maxvikt: 23.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
Ground color usually greyish-green but almost black or reddish -brown. Body with 10-15 transverse, dark bars extended to the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabit rocky bottoms, sometimes over sand or mud, from 1-500 m (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 58426), hard-shelled mollusks, crabs, lobsters, sea urchins and other echinoderms. Solitary in habit (Ref. 9988). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Males guard a clutch of eggs right up to the time of hatching (Ref. 6407). During brood protection, the male hardly feeds (Ref. 6407).
Barsukov, V.V., 1986. Anarhichadidae. p. 1113-1116. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4694)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; Vattenbruk: experimentell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 0.8 - 12.1, mean 7.8 °C (based on 1910 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5938 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00306 - 0.00543), b=3.19 (3.10 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.04-0.1; tm=6-7; Fec=12,740-25,000).
Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.60, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.54 [4.15, 34.43] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.082, 0.506] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.1, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.376 [0.216, 0.633] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [13.6, 104.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.68 [2.05, 21.68] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.675 [0.265, 1.313] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.