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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks)
鱸形目 (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) >
Anarhichadidae (Wolffishes)
狼鳚科 (Wolffishes)
Etymology: Anarhichas: Greek, anarhichaomai = to climb up.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 600 m (Ref. 58426), usually 18 - 110 m (Ref. 7135). 溫帶; 82°N - 40°N, 75°W - 61°E (Ref. 119696)
Northeast Atlantic: Spitsbergen southward to White Sea, Scandinavian coasts, North Sea, the British Isles, to the Northen part of Bay of Biscaye, also Iceland and south-eastern coasts of Greenland (Ref.. 57932). Northwest Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada and western Greenland to Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA; rarely to New Jersey, USA (Ref. 7251). Elsewhere in the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean from Ref. 57932 should be regarded as questionable, as stray at most, until original reports are cheked (see Ref. 119696).
東北大西洋: 斯匹次卑爾根群島向南至白海，北歐人海岸，北海，英國島, 也冰島與格陵蘭的東南方海岸。 西北大西洋: 在加拿大與西方的格陵蘭到麻薩諸塞州的科德角的拉布拉多南部, 美國; 很少地到美國的紐澤西.(參考文獻 7251) 在波羅的海 (東至 Rugen 與 Bornholm 島), 比斯開灣與在西北部的地中海 (熱那亞灣) 的其他地方.(參考文獻 57932)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); 最大體重: 23.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
Ground color usually greyish-green but almost black or reddish -brown. Body with 10-15 transverse, dark bars extended to the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
底色通常略灰色的-綠色但是幾乎黑色或紅褐色的。 身體有 10-15 橫跨又深色的橫帶對背鰭延伸.(參考文獻 35388)
Inhabit rocky bottoms, sometimes over sand or mud, from 1-500 m (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 58426), hard-shelled mollusks, crabs, lobsters, sea urchins and other echinoderms. Solitary in habit (Ref. 9988). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
棲息於岩石底部, 有時在沙或泥之上, 從 1-500 公尺.(參考文獻 9988) 底棲的.(參考文獻 58426) 捕食魚類 (參考文獻 58426), 具有硬殼的軟體動物，螃蟹，龍蝦, 海膽與其他的棘皮動物。 獨居在習慣。 (參考文獻 9988) 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Males guard a clutch of eggs right up to the time of hatching (Ref. 6407). During brood protection, the male hardly feeds (Ref. 6407).東北大西洋: 斯匹次卑爾根群島向南至白海，北歐人海岸，北海，英國島, 也冰島與格陵蘭的東南方海岸。 西北大西洋: 在加拿大與西方的格陵蘭到麻薩諸塞州的科德角的拉布拉多南部, 美國; 很少地到美國的紐澤西.(參考文獻 7251) 在波羅的海 (東至 Rugen 與 Bornholm 島), 比斯開灣與在西北部的地中海 (熱那亞灣) 的其他地方.(參考文獻 57932)
Barsukov, V.V., 1986. Anarhichadidae. p. 1113-1116. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4694)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.8 - 12.1, mean 7.8 °C (based on 1910 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5938 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00292 - 0.00543), b=3.19 (3.10 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.04-0.1; tm=6-7; Fec=12,740-25,000).
Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.60, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.54 [4.15, 34.43] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.082, 0.506] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.1, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.376 [0.216, 0.633] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [13.6, 104.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.68 [2.05, 21.68] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.675 [0.265, 1.313] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
