分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 4233). 亚热带的; 46°N - 26°S, 97°W - 32°E
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 4225, 13121, 57392), including the western Mediterranean, St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and Ascension Island. Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and the Caribbean. Also found in Argentina (Ref. 59355). In the tropical Eastern Pacific, it is replaced by Caranx caballus Günther 1869, which may be conspecific.
东大西洋: 塞内加尔到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部，圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) 与阿森松岛。 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783) 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省与巴西;(参考文献 7251) 巴哈马, 在加勒比海各处, 包括安地列斯群岛 (参考文献 26938) 与墨西哥湾.(参考文献 9626) 在热带的东太平洋，它被 Caranx caballus Gunther 1869 取代, 那可能是同种的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 27.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 5.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 5803)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 22 - 25; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 19 - 21. Diagnosis: body elongate (depth comprised 3.2-3.5 times in fork length) and moderately compressed; snout slightly rounded (Ref. 57392). Maxilla ends below middle of eye (Ref. 26938, 57391). 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 spine and 22-25 soft rays; anal fin with 2 spines, followed by 1 spine and 19-21 soft rays (Ref. 57391, 81654). Anterior lobe of soft dorsal and anal fins moderately developed, their height smaller than head length; pectoral fins falcate, longer than head; scales small and cycloid (Ref. 57391). Chest fully scaled (erroneously reported as chest naked in other sources)(Ref. 81654). 45 (Ref. 26938, 81654) - 56 (Ref. 57392, 81654) scutes along posterior/straight part of lateral line.
Coloration: back light olivaceous to bluish-green, sides silvery-grey to golden; juveniles with about 7 dark crossbars on sides (Ref. 57392).
颚骨结束眼睛中央下方。 45-46个鳞甲笔直地沿着侧线的部份。 (参考文献 26938)
A schooling species (Ref. 5217, 57391) generally not far from the coast (Ref. 5217), in coastal marine and brackish waters to at least 100 m depth (Ref. 57392). Juveniles often found in association with floating Sargassum (Ref. 5217), often entering lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57392). Adults feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates. They spawn offshore from January through August (Ref. 26938). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9626); marketed fresh, frozen (Ref. 5521), and salted. Often used for bait (Ref. 26938). Maximum reported total length 550mm in Ref. 57392.
一个群游性鱼种通常不远离海岸。 (参考文献 5217) 稚鱼常被发现伴随着漂浮 马尾藻 .(参考文献 5217) 吃鱼，虾与其他的无脊椎动物。 产卵外海从一月到八月。 (参考文献 26938) 优良的食用鱼;(参考文献 9626) 在市场上销售生鲜地了, 冷冻 (参考文献 5521), 与盐腌的。 时常用来当作鱼饵。 (参考文献 26938)
东大西洋: 塞内加尔到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部，圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) 与阿森松岛。 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783) 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省与巴西;(参考文献 7251) 巴哈马, 在加勒比海各处, 包括安地列斯群岛 (参考文献 26938) 与墨西哥湾.(参考文献 9626) 在热带的东太平洋，它被 Caranx caballus Gunther 1869 取代, 那可能是同种的。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.9 - 27.9, mean 24.9 °C (based on 752 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01458 - 0.02071), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.32-0.38; tmax=11; Fec=41,000).
Prior r = 0.78, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.17, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [5.9, 29.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.343 [0.176, 0.734] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [19, 24] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.119, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [8.9, 50.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27 [8, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.396 [0.246, 0.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
