Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 60 - 226 m (Ref. 89467). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: Gulf of Oman, East Africa, southern Japan, Hawaii, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), Australia, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Southeast Atlantic: southeast coast of South Africa (Ref. 3197). Also reported from the northern Red Sea (Refs. 13277, 58021).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 89467); common length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9137)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 23 - 25; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 21 - 24. Bluish grey to green above, silvery white below; soft dorsal and anal fins with submarginal brownish band, fin lobes white distally (Ref. 3197). LL with 22-23 scutes.
Adults are found on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 3287). Cultured and released for fishery in Japan. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.4 - 24.4, mean 20.6 °C (based on 136 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.01077 - 0.02679), b=2.94 (2.81 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.1 [20.1, 64.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.57, 2.37] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.5, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.194 [0.116, 0.344] g/100g; Selenium = 12.7 [6.2, 25.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.2 [9.8, 299.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.688 [0.382, 1.531] mg/100g (wet weight);