Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 60 - 226 m (Ref. 89467). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: Gulf of Oman, East Africa, southern Japan, Hawaii, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), Australia, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Southeast Atlantic: southeast coast of South Africa (Ref. 3197). Also reported from the northern Red Sea (Refs. 13277, 58021).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 89467); common length : 20.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9137)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 23 - 25; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 21 - 24. Bluish grey to green above, silvery white below; soft dorsal and anal fins with submarginal brownish band, fin lobes white distally (Ref. 3197). LL with 22-23 scutes.
Adults are found on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 3287). Cultured and released for fishery in Japan. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.4 - 24.4, mean 20.6 °C (based on 136 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.01199 - 0.01518), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.1 [20.1, 64.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.57, 2.37] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.5, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.194 [0.116, 0.344] g/100g; Selenium = 12.7 [6.2, 25.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.2 [9.8, 299.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.688 [0.382, 1.531] mg/100g (wet weight);