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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus:Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus. More on author: Forsskål.
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; немигрирующий; пределы глубины ? - 30 m (Ref. 2295). Tropical; 27°N - 26°S, 33°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Ryukyu Islands and east to French Polynesia.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm23.7 range ? - 25.7 cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30573); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 14 годы (Ref. 2295)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 10; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8. The body is light tan or olive to brown, becoming lighter below. the centers of the scales are often lighter than the background color. The head, often, has several broad indistinct vertical and diagonal light and dark bands. Sometimes there are white spots below the eye. The posterior edge of the operculum is dark brown. An orange-yellow stripe is on the lower part of the side with two additional more faint orange-yellow stripes above and one below this stripe. The fins are whitish or tan, sometimes mottled. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found over seagrass beds (Ref. 41878), sand and rubble areas of lagoons and reefs (Ref. 30573). Found singly or in groups (Ref. 9710). Juveniles on weedy reefs (Ref. 48635). Feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms (Ref. 30573). One of the commonest lethrinids along the coast of east Africa (Ref. 4369). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
Gonochorism is inferred for this species as sizes of males and females overlapped and male gonad morphology is typical of secondarily derived testes (Ref. 103751). This may be supported further by the study of Ebisawa etal (2006) which characterised sexual pattern for this species as juvenile hermaphroditism indicating that sexual transition occurred before ovarian maturation, a case for non-functional hermaphroditism in Ref. 103751.
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Физиология Состав тела Питательные вещества Потребление кислорода Тип плавания Скорость плавания Зрительные пигменты Звук рыбы Болезни и паразиты Токсичность (LC50s)
Предпочтительная температура (ссылка 123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3253 cells).
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00759 - 0.01738), b=2.98 (2.86 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка 69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка 120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (tmax=14).
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100). 🛈
Климатическая уязвимость (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100). 🛈
