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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus:Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus. More on author: Forsskål.
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; não migratória; intervalo de profundidade ? - 30 m (Ref. 2295). Tropical; 27°N - 26°S, 33°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Ryukyu Islands and east to French Polynesia.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm23.7 range ? - 25.7 cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 30573); idade máx. registrada: 14 anos (Ref. 2295)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10; Raios dorsais (total) : 9; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. The body is light tan or olive to brown, becoming lighter below. the centers of the scales are often lighter than the background color. The head, often, has several broad indistinct vertical and diagonal light and dark bands. Sometimes there are white spots below the eye. The posterior edge of the operculum is dark brown. An orange-yellow stripe is on the lower part of the side with two additional more faint orange-yellow stripes above and one below this stripe. The fins are whitish or tan, sometimes mottled. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found over seagrass beds (Ref. 41878), sand and rubble areas of lagoons and reefs (Ref. 30573). Found singly or in groups (Ref. 9710). Juveniles on weedy reefs (Ref. 48635). Feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms (Ref. 30573). One of the commonest lethrinids along the coast of east Africa (Ref. 4369). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Gonochorism is inferred for this species as sizes of males and females overlapped and male gonad morphology is typical of secondarily derived testes (Ref. 103751). This may be supported further by the study of Ebisawa etal (2006) which characterised sexual pattern for this species as juvenile hermaphroditism indicating that sexual transition occurred before ovarian maturation, a case for non-functional hermaphroditism in Ref. 103751.
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Fisiologia Composição corporal Nutrientes Consumo de oxigênio Tipo de natação Velocidade de natação Pigmentos visuais Som de peixe Doenças e Parasitas Toxicidade (LC50s)
Temperatura preferida (Ref. 123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3253 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00759 - 0.01738), b=2.98 (2.86 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (tmax=14).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100). 🛈
