分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 ? - 30 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 27°N - 26°S, 33°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Ryukyu Islands and east to French Polynesia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到琉球群島，東加與美屬薩摩亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.7 range ? - 25.7 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大年齡: 14 年 (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. The body is light tan or olive to brown, becoming lighter below. the centers of the scales are often lighter than the background color. The head, often, has several broad indistinct vertical and diagonal light and dark bands. Sometimes there are white spots below the eye. The posterior edge of the operculum is dark brown. An orange-yellow stripe is on the lower part of the side with two additional more faint orange-yellow stripes above and one below this stripe. The fins are whitish or tan, sometimes mottled.
身體顏色較淡黃褐色或橄欖色到褐色的, 變成腹面顏色較淡。 鱗片的中心顏色經常比背景顏色淡。 頭部，時常，有一些寬的不明顯的垂直與斜的淡色與深色的條紋。 有時有白色的斑點眼睛下面。 鰓蓋的後緣深褐色的。 在側邊的下面部份上的一條橘黃色的斑紋是在這一條斑紋之下有兩個附加的更模糊的橘黃色的斑紋上方與一。 鰭是微白色或黃褐色的, 有時有斑點的。
Found over seagrass beds (Ref. 41878), sand and rubble areas of lagoons and reefs (Ref. 30573). Found singly or in groups (Ref. 9710). Juveniles on weedy reefs (Ref. 48635). Feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms (Ref. 30573). One of the commonest lethrinids along the coast of east Africa (Ref. 4369). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
發現在海草床 (參考文獻 41878) ，潟湖與礁的沙子與碎石區上.。 (參考文獻 30573) 各別地發現或成群.(參考文獻 9710) 稚魚在雜草叢生的礁上。 (參考文獻 48635) 捕食軟體動物，甲殼動物與棘皮動物。 (參考文獻 30573) 最普通的龍占魚科魚類之一沿著非洲東部的海岸。 (參考文獻 4369) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.。 (參考文獻 9775)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Gonochorism is inferred for this species as sizes of males and females overlapped and male gonad morphology is typical of secondarily derived testes (Ref. 103751). This may be supported further by the study of Ebisawa etal (2006) which characterised sexual pattern for this species as juvenile hermaphroditism indicating that sexual transition occurred before ovarian maturation, a case for non-functional hermaphroditism in Ref. 103751.印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到琉球群島，東加與美屬薩摩亞。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3253 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00766 - 0.01887), b=2.97 (2.84 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.4 [28.5, 59.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.828 [0.549, 1.177] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [17.8, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.122 [0.087, 0.170] g/100g; Selenium = 39.8 [21.9, 64.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.8 [5.6, 137.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.91 [1.44, 2.47] mg/100g (wet weight);
