Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बैथीपिलाजिक; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 90 - 1485 m (Ref. 104125). Deep-water; 55°N - 46°S
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Namibia, also the Mediterranean (gap across region of cyclonic gyre between the South Equatorial Countercurrent and western branch of Benguela Current (5°S-13°S). Larvae, however, are not found among the cruise collections in the Agulhas Current Region (Ref. 41388). Western Atlantic: off Suriname to Brazil (Ref. 13608). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Indian Ocean: 0°-40°S. Western Pacific: Australia (Ref. 7300). Eastern Pacific: 42°-25°N, 5°-20°S and west of 80°W. Recorded from off Tungkang in Taiwan and Tungsha Islands in South China Sea (Ref. 39633).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 5.8, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 8.4 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 126117); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 16.10 g (Ref. 126117); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 1.50 वर्षो (Ref. 31516)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 12 - 15; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 18 - 20; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 32 - 34. Branchiostegal rays: 7-9 (Ref. 31442).
Oceanic, found between 225-750 m during the day and between 90-375 m (juveniles) and 450-550 m (adults) at night. Epipelagic to mesopelagic (Ref. 31442). Widespread distribution in all oceans, limited by 10° and 15°C isotherms at 200 m and by a productivity greater than 50g Carbon per square meter per year. Sexually mature from about 5.9 cm. Spawn mainly during summer to autumn in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4775). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 31442). Also Ref. 58302.
Oviparous (Ref. 31442), determinate fecundity (Ref. 104737).
Hulley, P.A., 1990. Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.4 - 14.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 1190 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00690 - 0.02192), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=3.03; tmax=1.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 172 [54, 509] mg/100g; Iron = 0.912 [0.350, 2.904] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [14.2, 18.0] %; Omega3 = 0.344 [0.128, 0.907] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [7.4, 71.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.7 [4.7, 258.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.53, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
