Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مياه عميقة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 90 - 1485 m (Ref. 104125). Deep-water; 55°N - 46°S
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Namibia, also the Mediterranean (gap across region of cyclonic gyre between the South Equatorial Countercurrent and western branch of Benguela Current (5°S-13°S). Larvae, however, are not found among the cruise collections in the Agulhas Current Region (Ref. 41388). Western Atlantic: off Suriname to Brazil (Ref. 13608). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Indian Ocean: 0°-40°S. Western Pacific: Australia (Ref. 7300). Eastern Pacific: 42°-25°N, 5°-20°S and west of 80°W. Recorded from off Tungkang in Taiwan and Tungsha Islands in South China Sea (Ref. 39633).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 5.8, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 8.4 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 126117); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 16.10 g (Ref. 126117); العمر: 1.50 سنين (Ref. 31516)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12 - 15; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 18 - 20; فقرات: 32 - 34. Branchiostegal rays: 7-9 (Ref. 31442).
Oceanic, found between 225-750 m during the day and between 90-375 m (juveniles) and 450-550 m (adults) at night. Epipelagic to mesopelagic (Ref. 31442). Widespread distribution in all oceans, limited by 10° and 15°C isotherms at 200 m and by a productivity greater than 50g Carbon per square meter per year. Sexually mature from about 5.9 cm. Spawn mainly during summer to autumn in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4775). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 31442). Also Ref. 58302.
Oviparous (Ref. 31442), determinate fecundity (Ref. 104737).
Hulley, P.A., 1990. Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.4 - 14.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 1190 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00690 - 0.02192), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=3.03; tmax=1.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 172 [54, 509] mg/100g; Iron = 0.912 [0.350, 2.904] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [14.2, 18.0] %; Omega3 = 0.344 [0.128, 0.907] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [7.4, 71.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.7 [4.7, 258.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.53, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
