分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 12 - 100 m (Ref. 55). 熱帶; 33°N - 33°S, 43°E - 178°W
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Australia. This species has been frequently misidentified as Lutjanus sanguineus (Ref. 55). There are unsubstantiated reports of this species from off East Africa.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣與阿拉伯海到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。 這種曾經時常被誤鑑成 Lutjanus sanguineus 。 (參考文獻 55) 有來自外海的東非的這種的未證實的報告。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 57.6, range 54 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 7.9 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 31 年 (Ref. 46527)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body relatively deep; greatest depth 2.2-2.8 in SL; mouth large, maxilla length about equal to distance between bases of
last dorsal- and anal-fin rays; preopercular notch and knob poorly developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic or triangular, without a medial posterior extension; gill rakers of first gill arch 4-7 + 12-14 = 18-20 (including rudiments); caudal fin truncate. Colour of back and sides red or red-orange, lighter on lower parts; fins reddish; juveniles with a broad, oblique band of brown or black from upper jaw to beginning of dorsal fin, and a prominent black band across caudal peduncle with a pearly white anterior border, similar to L. timorensis but without the black pectoral-fin axil; young also with a series of narrow reddish horizontal lines (sometimes absent) on sides (Ref. 9821, 90102).
頭部的背面輪廓非常陡峭。 眶前骨比眼直徑寬許多。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤發展不良的。 鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 稚魚有寬，褐色或黑色的斜紋, 從上頜到背鰭起點; 一條突出的黑色條紋橫越尾梗具有一個珍珠色到白色的邊緣。 在側邊上幼魚有水平線。 附註: (TL, 公分)=0.28+1.26;(SL, 公分) n=1034.(參考文獻 1450)
Adults inhabit both coastal and offshore reefs. They tend to be associated with sponge and gorgonian-dominated habitats on the North West Shelf (Ref. 28006), and hard mud areas of the Arafura Sea. In Australia, they frequently form mixed shoals with L. erythropterus. Juveniles tend to inhabit shallow inshore waters and larger fish live in deeper waters (Ref. 27260, 27264). Juveniles also occur in mangrove areas and seagrass beds (Ref. 128523). Feed mainly on fishes, with small amounts of benthic crustaceans, cephalopods and other benthic invertebrates (Ref. 6390). They forage mostly at night (Ref. 6390). Caught mainly with handlines, bottom longlines, and bottom trawls (Ref. 9821). Marketed fresh, dried-salted (Ref. 55) and frozen (Ref. 9987).
棲息於海岸的與外海礁石。 他們傾向在西北大陸棚 (參考文獻 28006) 上伴隨著海綿與柳珊瑚佔優勢的棲息地, 與阿拉弗拉海的堅硬泥區域。 在澳洲，他們時常形成把淺灘和 L. erythropterus 混合在一起。 稚魚傾向棲息於沿岸淺水區水域，而且較大的魚生活於較深的水域。 (參考文獻 27260,27264) 主要捕食魚, 藉由少量的底棲甲殼動物, 頭足類動物與其他的底棲無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 6390) 他們大部份覓食在晚上。 (參考文獻 6390) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 乾燥鹽醃 (參考文獻 55) 與冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
Are batch or serial spawners (Ref. 28009).印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣與阿拉伯海到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。 這種曾經時常被誤鑑成 Lutjanus sanguineus 。 (參考文獻 55) 有來自外海的東非的這種的未證實的報告。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.8 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 745 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01377 - 0.01742), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.2 - 8.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12-0.18; tmax=12; Fec=5,000,000).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.25, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.9 [11.4, 28.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.279 [0.178, 0.460] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.092, 0.196] g/100g; Selenium = 69.5 [40.5, 114.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 179 [31, 733] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.374 [0.285, 0.518] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
